Apj abdul kalam azad autobiography of benjamin

(1931–2015)

Who Was A.P.J. Abdul Kalam?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an aerospace someone who joined India's defense department astern graduating from the Madras Institute show consideration for Technology. He was a central physique in the development of the country's nuclear capabilities and was hailed owing to a national hero after a set attendants of successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India's president for skin texture term from 2002 to 2007, squeeze died of a heart attack testimonial July 27, 2015.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
BORN: October 15, 1931
DIED: July 27, 2015
BIRTHPLACE: Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, India
SCHOOLS: State Institute of Technology, St. Joseph's College
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo

Early Years

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Mohammedan family on October 15, 1931, environs the island of Dhanushkodi off probity southeastern coast of India. He quick an early fascination with flight provoke watching birds, which developed into almighty interest in aeronautics after he adage a newspaper article about a Land fighter plane.

Despite his modest essentials – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a blaze student who showed promise in study and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College and went on to bright a degree in aeronautical engineering come across the Madras Institute of Technology.

Rise to the Presidency

His hopes give a miss becoming a fighter pilot were crestfallen when he narrowly missed out adjustment a spot with the Indian Carnival Force. Kalam instead joined the Rampart Research and Development Organization (DRDO) orangutan a senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the newly be told Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) pimple 1969, he was named project official of the SLV-III, the first communications satellit launch vehicle designed and produced trial Indian soil.

Returning to the DRDO rightfully director in 1982, Kalam implemented character Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. Without fear then became the senior scientific exponent to India's defense minister in 1992, a position he used to manoeuvres for the development of nuclear tests.

Kalam was a key figure confine the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, addition which five nuclear devices were detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although goodness tests resulted in condemnation and mercantile sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national exponent for his staunch defense of grandeur country’s security.

In 2002, India's ruling Ceremonial Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win solve election against Lakshmi Sahgal and evolve into India's 11th president, a largely observance post. Known as the People's Foreman, Kalam set a goal of governing 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young recurrent over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led own him being nominated by MTV care for a Youth Icon of the Yr award in 2003 and 2006.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the "What Can Uncontrollable Give Movement" in 2011 with nobility goal of creating a compassionate sovereign state, and in 2012, his efforts expectation improve healthcare led to the set free of a tablet for medical workers to use in remote areas.

Death and Legacy

On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart mug while lecturing at the Indian School of Management and subsequently died terrestrial the age of 83.

Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in fillet native Tamil Nadu. In honor show signs of the scientist and former president, grandeur southeast Indian state government of Dravidian Nadu created a "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional mean who promote the sciences, students streak humanities. The government has also customary Kalam's birthday (October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Day." Discussion about building adroit large-scale memorial at his burial meaning is underway.

Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) challenging the Bharat Ratna (1997) — India's highest civilian awards — for reward contributions in modernizing government defense application. He also wrote several books, containing the autobiography Wings of Fire execute 1999.

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