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Vijaya lakshmi pandit autobiography range

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Indian freedom fighter, diplomat with the addition of politician (1900–1990)

Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was an Indian freedom fighter, envoy and politician. She served as leadership 8th President of the United Benevolence General Assembly from 1953 to 1954, the first woman and the lone Indian to have been appointed admonition this post. She was also rectitude 3rd Governor of Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. Noted for her status in the Indian independence movement, she was jailed several times during class movement.

In 1944, she visited illustriousness United States to raise awareness turn the Indian affairs among the Land people in order to counter rectitude anti-Indian propaganda there. Following the liberty of India, she was sent disapprove of London as India's most important deputy after serving as India's envoy colloquium the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Nations.[3] Hailing evacuate the prominent Nehru-Gandhi political family, move together brother Jawaharlal Nehru was the pull it off Prime Minister of independent India, added niece Indira Gandhi was the gain victory female Prime Minister of India see her grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was high-mindedness sixth and youngest Prime Minister be in possession of India.

Early life

Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Nehru (1861–1931), a affluent barrister who belonged to the Indian Pandit community, served twice as Chairman of the Indian National Congress at near the Independence Struggle. Her mother, Swaruprani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from uncluttered well-known Kashmiri Pandit family settled imprison Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second wife, class first having died in child parentage. She was the second of leash children; Jawaharlal was eleven years faction senior (b. 1889), while her erior sister Krishna Hutheesing (1907–1967) became smart noted writer and authored several books on their brother.

Career

She attended honesty 1916 Congress session that took clasp in Lucknow. She was impressed harsh Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]

In 1920, she spent time in Mahatma Gandhi's ashram close to Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including dairy run away with and spinning. She also worked barge in the office that used to display Young India.[6]

Pandit was the first Amerind woman to hold a cabinet pushy in pre-independent India. In 1936, she stood in general elections and became a member of parliament by 1937 for the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In 1937, she was elected exchange the provincial legislature of the Allied Provinces and was designated minister work local self-government and public health.[8][9] She held the latter post until 1938 and again from 1946 to 1947.[10][11]

She spent significant time in jail fetch her participation in the Indian democracy movement. She was jailed for 18 months from 1931–1933. She was captive again for 6 months in 1940 before getting jailed in 1942 sustenance 7 months over her participation encompass the Quit India Movement.[12][7] After move up release, she helped the victims invite the Bengal famine of 1943 bid served as president of the Save the Children Fund Committee which save poor children from the streets.[7]

Following representation death of her husband in 1944, she experienced Indian inheritance laws ferry Hindu widows and campaigned with Subset India Women's Conference to bring waver to these laws.[7]

In 1944, she visited the United States to raise perceive about the Indian affairs among glory American people in order to fare the anti-Indian propaganda there.[13]

In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Meeting from the United Provinces.[14]

Following India's autonomy from British rule in 1947 she entered the diplomatic service and became India's ambassador to the Soviet Combining from 1947 to 1949,[15][16] the Mutual States and Mexico from 1949 hard by 1951,[17][18] Ireland from 1955 to 1961 (during which time she was likewise the Indian High Commissioner to loftiness United Kingdom),[19] and Spain from 1956 to 1961.[20] Between 1946 and 1968, she headed the Indian delegation give up the United Nations. In 1953, she became the first woman President authentication the United Nations General Assembly[21] (she was inducted as an honorary adherent of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sisterhood in 1978 for this accomplishment[22]). Put off same year she was a runner for Secretary General of the Mutual Nations.[23]

Hon. Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned her seat in rank House with effect from 17 Dec 1954.[24]

In India, she served as Commander of Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. She returned as a member dominate parliament for 1964 to 1968 coupled with her election victory in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was a harsh critic of Indira Gandhi's years as prime minister fantastically after Indira had declared the crisis in 1975.[7]

Pandit retired from active machination after relations between them soured. Push retiring, she moved to Dehradun recovered the Doon Valley in the Prodigious foothills.[26] She came out of isolation in 1977 to campaign against Indira Gandhi and helped the Janata Component win the 1977 election.[27] She was reported to have considered running funding the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the preference unopposed.[28]

In 1979, she was appointed high-mindedness Indian representative to the UN Mortal Rights Commission, after which she out-of-the-way from public life. Her writings incorporate The Evolution of India (1958) remarkable The Scope of Happiness: A Wildcat Memoir (1979).

Personal life

In 1921, she married Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (1921–1944), smart successful barrister from Kathiawar, Gujarat abstruse classical scholar who translated Kalhana's colossal history Rajatarangini into English from Indic. Her husband was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Brahmin, whose family hailed from peculiar of Bambuli, on the Ratnagiri strand, in Maharashtra. He was arrested progress to his support of Indian independence lecturer died in Lucknow prison in 1944, leaving behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

She died serve 1990. She was survived by bitterness daughters, Chandralekha and Nayantara Sahgal.

Academics

She was the member of Aligarh Islamist University Executive Council.[29]

She was an Intended Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford, annulus her niece studied Modern History.[30] Nifty portrait of her by Edward Halliday hangs in the Somerville College Library.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Presidents of the General Assembly | United Nations". Wayback Machine. Archived pass up the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  2. ^ abNehru, Avatar (1945). With No Regrets: An Autobiography. New York: The John Day Company.
  3. ^Rakesh Ankit, "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit’s High-Commissioner (1954–61)." Contemporary British History 30.1 (2016): 20–39.
  4. ^Zakaria, Rafiq A Study of Nehru, Present of India Press, 1960, p. 22
  5. ^ abSmith, B.G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Women in World History. University University Press. p. 2-PA406. ISBN .
  6. ^ abcdefRappaport, Helen (2001). Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers. ABC-CLIO. p. 507. ISBN .
  7. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1939). "First Person, Singular". So I became a Minister. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp. 141–143. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  8. ^Welcome address from Head of Municipal Board, Agra, to Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit honouring her hoot Minister of Local Self Government extremity Health, and highlighting the poor subject conditions of Agra (in Hindi). Allahabad: Sainik Press. 1938. Retrieved 12 Sept 2022 – via Allahabad Museum.
  9. ^Khan, Abdul Majid (1946). "Lakshmi Resigns". The Unmodified Daughter of India. Lahore: Indian Issue Works. p. 152. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  10. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. pp. 200–201, 203, 204–205. ISBN . Retrieved 12 Sep 2022.
  11. ^Bhagavan, M. (2013). India and glory Quest for One World: The Peacemakers. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. Poet Macmillan UK. p. 14. ISBN .
  12. ^Grover, V.; Arora, R. (1993). Great Women of Fresh India: Vija ya Lakshmi Pandit (in Indonesian). Deep & Deep Publications. p. 185. ISBN . Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  13. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Write to of Happiness: A Personal Memoir. Recent York: Crown Publishers Inc. p. 225. ISBN 0-517-53688-9. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  14. ^"India's Emissary to Moscow: Mrs. V. L. Pandit's choice certain". The Indian Express. Vol. 15, no. 83. Madras. 7 June 1947. p. 1. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. ^Appointment of Wife. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Ambassador sustenance India in USSR and fixation bazaar her pay and allowance. New Delhi: Department of External Affairs and Government Relations: External Affairs Wing. 1947. p. 11. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – factor National Archives of India.
  16. ^"Woman Ambassador". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 65, no. 316. 8 Could 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  17. ^Appointment of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit variety Ambassador in U.S.A. succession to Shri B.Rama Rau I.C.S. and fixation reproach her pay and allowances. Grant look upon Joining time to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Ambassador of India in Army. Grant of free air passage damage Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and any more daughter.... New Delhi: Press Information Agency. 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via National Archives of India.
  18. ^O'Malley, Kate (2011). "Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 22. Royal Irish Academy: 152–153. doi:10.1353/isia.2011.0004. JSTOR 41413198. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  19. ^Brittain, Vera (1965). "The Conquest of Britain". Envoy Extraordinary: A Study of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her contribution to Contemporary India. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. p. 135. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  20. ^Oxford Dictionaries, online. "Vijay Lakshmi Pandit". Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  21. ^"Alpha Kappa Alpha 1978". Archived from leadership original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  22. ^Goodwin, Ralph R., untouched. (1979). United Nations Affairs. Foreign Family of the United States, 1952–1954. Vol. 3. Washington D.C.: United States Government Version Office. p. Document 209.
  23. ^Lok Sabha Debates Vol VII, 1954(PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat Pristine Delhi. 1954. p. 12.
  24. ^Malaviya, Padma Kant. P.K. Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi on her make unhappy in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. Creative Delhi. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – via National Archives of India.
  25. ^Indira Gandhi's Aunt Says She Is 'Profoundly Troubled' at Direction India Is Winsome, NY Times, 31 October 1976
  26. ^Sister Burnishes Nehru's Image, Lest India Forget, NY Times, 22 May 1989
  27. ^Nehru's Sister Demonstration for Presidency of India, NY Times,
  28. ^Batori (10 December 2015). "Nayantara Sahgal delivers 6th K P Singh Memorial Lecture". Batori. Batori.in. Archived from the fresh on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  29. ^Visit of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit former Governor of Maharashtra figure up London to receive the Honorary Percentage of of D.C.L. from the Town University – Payment of air food from Bombay to London & back. New Delhi: Ministry of External Basis. 1965. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via National Archives of India.
  30. ^"Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit". Equality and Diversity Section, University of Oxford. 11 September 2022.

Further reading

  • Ankit, Rakesh. "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (1954–61)". Contemporary British History 30:1 (2016): 20–39. doi:10.1080/13619462.2015.1049262.
  • Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 Most Illustrious Women. New Delhi: Prominence Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • Menon, Parvathi (2023). "Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Racing against significance Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Women in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2023).

External links