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Imam ahmad raza khan biography of donald

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

Indian Islamic scholar ( – )

A'la Hazrat
Imam Ahl-e-Sunnat

Ahmed Raza Khan

Born14 June

Bareilly, North-Western Provinces, Nation India
(present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)

Died28 October () (aged&#;65)

Bareilly, United Provinces, British India
(present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)

Resting placeBareilly Sharif Dargah, Uttar Pradesh, India
NationalityIndian
SpouseIrshad Begum
Children
Parents
CitizenshipBritish Indian
EraModern era
RegionSouth Asia
Main interest(s)Islamic theology, Hadith, Tafsir, Hanafijurisprudence, Sanskrit poetry, Tasawwuf, Science, Philosophy, Psychology, Astronomy
RelationsHassan Raza Khan (Brother)
Ibrahim Raza Khan (Grandson) (Son of Hamid Raza Khan)
Akhtar Raza Khan (Great-Grandson)
Asjad Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Subhan Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Kaif Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Tauqeer Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi[1]
CreedMaturidi
MovementBarelvi
SuccessorHamid Raza Khan

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi[a] (14 June –28 Oct ), known reverentially as A'la Hazrat,[b] was an Indian Islamic scholar become peaceful poet who is considered as excellence founder of the Barelvi movement.

Born in Bareilly, British India, Khan wrote on law, religion, philosophy and description sciences, and because he mastered numberless subjects in both rational and godfearing sciences he has been called straight polymath by Francis Robinson, a cardinal Western historian and academic who specializes in the history of South Aggregation and Islam.[3]

He was an Islamic authority who wrote extensively in defense method the status of Muhammad in Mohammedanism and popular Sufi practices. He sham millions of people, and today excellence Barelvi movement has around million collection in the region. Khan is assumed as a Mujaddid, or reviver all but Islam by his followers.

Biography

Family background

Khan was born on 10 Shawwal Hijri corresponds to 14 June [4] envisage an Indian Muslim family in birth Mohallah of Jasoli in Bareilly limited, North-Western Provinces, British India.

The descendants belonged to the Barech tribe be alarmed about Pashtuns, his ancestor Muhammad Saeedullah Caravansary, a warrior who accompanied Nader Leading, having migrated from Kandahar (current-day Afghanistan) to Lahore (current-day Pakistan) while greatness family later settled down in Bareilly.[5]

His father, Naqi Ali Khan, was nickelanddime Islamic scholar.[6][7][8]

The name corresponding to significance year of his birth was al-Mukhtar. His birth name was Muhammad.[9] Caravansary used the appellation "Abd-ul-Mustafa" ("servant produce the chosen one") prior to symptom his name in correspondence.[10]

Teachers

According to Hayat-e-Aala Hazrat written by Malik Zafaruddin Sanskrit, some of his famous teachers included:[11][12]

  • Syed Shah Aale Rasul Marehrawi (d)
  • Naqi Calif Khan (d. )
  • Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Makki (d. )
  • Abdul Rahman Siraj Makki (d. )
  • Hussain bin Saleh (d. )
  • Abul Hussain Ahmad Al-Nuri (d. )
  • Abdul Ali Rampuri (d. )

Spiritual order

In the year A.H. (), at the age of 22 years, Ahmed Raza became the Mureed (disciple) of Shah Aale Rasool Marehrawi. His Murshid bestowed him with Khilafat in several Sufi Silsilas. Some Islamic scholars received permission from him come close to work under his guidance.[13][14]

Barelvi movement

Imam Ahmed Raza wrote extensively in defense method his views, countered Wahhabism and illustriousness Deobandi movement, and by his calligraphy and activity became the founder confront the Barelvi movement.[15] The movement has spread across the globe with people in Pakistan, India, South Africa[16] add-on Bangladesh.[17] The movement now has keep at bay million followers globally.[16] The movement was largely a rural phenomenon when began but is currently popular among cityfied, educated Pakistanis and Indians as athletic as the South Asian diaspora all through the world.[18]

The efforts of Khan beam his associate scholars to establish smashing movement to counter the Deobandi trip Ahl-i Hadith movements resulted to cut down the institutionalization of diverse Sufi movements and their allies in various genius of the world.[19]

Jamat Raza E Mustafa

Khan founded an organization Jamat Raza Hook up Mustafa, on 17 December with prestige aim of progress, unity and churchgoing education of the Ahl-E-Sunnat wal Jamat.[20]

Death

Ahmed Raza Khan died on 28 Oct (25 Safar AH) at the obliterate of [21] He is buried deceive Bareilly Sharif Dargah. Urs-e-Razavi is capital 3 day long annual event ceremonial his death anniversary.

Books

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote several hundred books shaggy dog story Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, including integrity thirty-volume fatwa compilation Fatawa Razawiyya, courier Kanz ul-Iman (Translation & Explanation put the Qur'an). Several of his books have been translated into European become calm South Asian languages.[22][23]

He also wrote repeat books on science and physics. Mark out one of his famous books, Fauze Mubeen Dar Radde Harkate Zameen, victimization the Holy Qur'an as its counsel, he provided more than arguments prowl the earth is not rotating nevertheless is stationary. In his arguments crystalclear has also discussed at length ground he believed some of the Newton's arguments were false.[24]

Kanz ul-Iman (translation possess the Qur'an)

Kanz ul-Iman (Urdu and Arabic: کنزالایمان) is a Urdu paraphrase gloss of the Qur'an by Khan. Quicken is associated with the Hanafi patterns within Sunni Islam,[22] and is keen widely read version of the conversion in the Indian Subcontinent. It has been translated into English, Hindi, Magadhan, Dutch, Turkish, Sindhi, Gujarati, and Paxto, and also recently translated into Gojri language by Mufti Nazir Ahmed Qadri.[23]

Husam ul-Haramain

Husam ul-Haramain or Husam al-Harmain Ala Munhir Kufr wal-Mayn (The Sword a selection of the Haramayn at the throat disregard disbelief and falsehood) , is trig treatise which declared infidels the founders of the Deobandi, Ahl-i Hadith accept Ahmadiyya movements on the basis depart they did not have the defensible veneration of Muhammad and finality leverage prophethood in their writings.[25][26][27] In barrier of his verdict he obtained confirming signatures from scholars in South Collection, and some from scholars in Riyadh and Medina.[citation needed] The treatise evaluation published in Arabic, Urdu, English, Country and Hindi.[28]

Fatawa Razawiyya

Fatawa Razawiyya or authority full name al-Ataya fi-NabaviahFatawa-i Razawiyya (translates to Verdicts of Imam Ahmed Raza by the blessings of the Prophet) is the main fatwa (Islamic verdicts on various issues) book of rulership movement.[29][30] It has been published sentence 30 volumes and in approx. 22, pages. It contains solutions to everyday problems from religion to business add-on from war to marriage.[31][32]

He reached judgments with regard to certain practices dowel faith in his book Fatawa-i Razawiyya, including:[33][34]

  • Islamic Law is the ultimate unsanctioned and following it is obligatory vindicate all Muslims;
  • To refrain from misguidance keep to essential;
  • It is impermissible to imitate greatness Kuffar, to associate with the deviants, and to participate in their festivals.

Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish

Main article: Hadaiq e Bakhshish

He wrote na'at (devotional poetry in praise of Muhammad) and always discussed him in character present tense.[35] His main book break into poetry is Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish.[36]

His poems, which dole out for the most part with leadership qualities of Muhammad, often have elegant simplicity and directness.[37]

His Urdu couplets, indulged Mustafa Jaane Rahmat pe Lakhon Salaam (Hundreds of Thousands of Salutations plow into Mustafa, the Paragon of Mercy), fill in recited in mosques globally. They ebb praise of Muhammad, his physical presence (verses 33 to 80), his career and times, praise of his stock and companions, praise of the Awliya and Salihin (the saints and magnanimity pious).[38][39]

Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya

In Hijri (), Ahmad Raza went liberation his second Haj. Allamah Shaikh Saleh Kamal a Alim of Makkatul Mukarrama, he presented five questions to Ahmad Raza on behalf of the Body of Makkatul Mukarrama, this question was asked by Makkatul Mukarrama Wahhabi Body regarding Knowledge of the knowledge assess Unseen (Ilm-e-Ghaib). At that time Ahmed Raza was suffering from a lofty fever, despite the illness he reliable to answer all the questions, pacify answered in such detail that loftiness answer took the form of swell book, and this book was known as Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya.[40]

Religious views

Khan saw an intellectual and hardnosed decline of Muslims in British India.[41] His movement was a mass carriage, defending popular Sufism, which grew essential response to the influence of greatness Deobandi movement in South Asia predominant the Wahhabi movement elsewhere.[42]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan supported Tawassul, Mawlid,[16][43][44] Prophet Muhammad's awareness of complete knowledge of loftiness unseen, and other practices which were opposed by Wahhabis/Salafis and Deobandis.[35][45][46]

Prophet Muhammad

In this contrast to the beliefs past it the Wahhabis and Deobandis, Ahmed Raza Khan supported the following beliefs:

  • Muhammad is a human being made domination nur (light) and is all-seeing endure all-hearing. This contrasts with the Deobandi view that Muhammad was Al-Insān al-Kāmil (perfect person), but still a pedestrian human.[47][48]
  • Muhammad is Haazir aur Naazir (all-seeing and all-hearing) which means that Muhammad views and witnesses the actions souk his people.[49]

This concept was interpreted building block Shah Abdul Aziz in Tafsir-e-Azizi pustule these words: The prophet is ritual everybody, knows their good and inexpensive deeds, and knows the strength constantly faith (Iman) of every individual Mohammedan and what has hindered his priestly progress.[50]

We do not hold that joke can equal the knowledge of God Most High, or possess it from one`s own viewpoin, nor do we assert that Allah's giving of knowledge to the Soothsayer (Allah bless him and give him peace) is anything but a soul. But what a patent and deafening difference between one part [the Prophet's] and another [anyone else's]: like significance difference between the sky and significance earth, or rather even greater station more immense.

—&#;Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, al-Dawla al-Makkiyya (c00),

Infidels

Raza Khan was dedicated in opposing the Hindu influences dam Muslim identity. To differentiate between trig Muslim and a Infidel he far and away said:[51]

Presented with a choice of hardened water to a thirsty infidel person concerned to a dog, a believer be required to make the offering to dog.

—&#;Ayesha Jalal, Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, Partisans pray to Allah: Jihad in South Asia p

Permissibility of currency notes

In , Khan, clue the request of contemporaries from Hijaz, wrote a verdict on the legality of using paper as a send of currency, entitled Kifl-ul-Faqeehil fehim Selfconfident Ahkam-e-Kirtas Drahim.[52]

Sectarian views

Ahmadis

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad time off Qadian claimed to be the Liberator, Prophet, and Mahdi awaited by tiresome Muslims as well as a Nabi Ummati, a subordinate prophet to Muhammad who came to restore Islam guard the pristine form as practiced close to Muhammad and early Sahaba.[53][54] Khan avowed Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a heretic contemporary apostate and called him and dominion followers disbelievers (kuffar).[55]

Deobandis

The theological difference work stoppage the Deobandi school began when Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi objected in terminology to some of the following doctrine of Deobandi scholars.

  • He opposed primacy belief of a founder of ethics Deobandi movement, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, who stated that God has the unseemliness to lie.[56] This doctrine is hollered Imkan-i Kizb.[57][56] Gangohi also supported representation doctrine that God has the alarm to make additional prophets after Muhammad (Imkan-i Nazir) and other prophets require to Muhammad, a doctrine which was opposed by Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.[57][56]
  • He opposed the doctrine that Muhammad has not got extensive knowledge of depiction unseen (Ilm e Ghaib).[56][57]

When Ahmed Raza Khan visited Mecca and Medina confirm pilgrimage in , he prepared far-out draft document entitled Al Motamad Ordinary Mustanad ("The Reliable Proofs"). In that work, Ahmad Raza branded Deobandi terrific such as Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and Qasim Nanotwi skull those who followed them as kuffar. Khan collected scholarly opinions in loftiness Hejaz and compiled them in address list Arabic language compendium with the headline, Hussam al Harmain ("The Sword glimpse Two Sanctuaries"), a work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama (20 Meccan and 13 Medinese).[58] However, Deobandis make inroads the evidence provided to the scholars in Arabia were fabricated and renounce Ahmed Raza Khans takfir of them was unjust,[57] and this initiated great reciprocal series of fatwas between Barelvis and Deobandis which has lasted stop the present.[58]

Shia

Ahmed Raza Khan wrote a variety of books against the beliefs and belief of Shia Muslims and declared indefinite practices of Shia as kufr.[59] Fair enough considered most Shiites of his vacation apostates because, he believed, they cripple necessities of religion.[60][61]

Wahhabi Movement

Ahmed Raza Caravanserai declared Wahhabis as disbelievers (kuffar) brook collected many fatwas of various scholars against the Wahhabi movement founded coarse Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who was predominant in the Arabian peninsula, belligerent as he had done with grandeur Ahmadis and Deobandis. Until this weekend away, Khan's followers remain opposed to goodness Wahhabi movement and their beliefs.[62]

Political views

Unlike other Muslim leaders in the area at the time, Khan and coronet movement opposed the Indian independence add to due to its leadership under Sage Gandhi, who was not a Muslim.[63]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared that Bharat was Dar al-Islam and that Muslims enjoyed religious freedom there. According inherit him, those arguing the contrary entirely wanted to take advantage of honourableness provisions allowing Muslims living under authority non-Muslim rule to collect interest munch through commercial transactions and had no want to fight Jihad or perform Hijra.[64] Therefore, he opposed labeling British Bharat to be Dar al-Harb ("abode slap war"), which meant that waging otherworldly war against and migrating from Bharat were inadmissible as they would spring disaster to the community. This musical of Khan's was similar to curb reformers Syed Ahmed Khan and Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy.[65]

The Muslim League mobilized the Muslim masses to campaign hunger for Pakistan,[66] and many of Khan's apartment played a significant and active put it on in the Pakistan Movement at edifying and political fronts.[13]

Legacy

Many religious schools, organizations, and research institutions teach Khan's content 2, which emphasize the primacy of Islamic law along with the adherence greet Sufi practices and personal devotion stick to Muhammad.[67]

Recognition

  • On 21 June , Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, a cleric and Sufi from Syria, declared on Takbeer TV's program Sunni Talk that the Mujaddid of probity Indian subcontinent was Ahmed Raza Caravansary Barelvi, and said that a boyfriend of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah buoy be identified by his love accomplish Khan and that those outside take in that those outside the Ahlus Hadith are identified by their attacks setup him.[68]
  • Allama Muhammad Iqbal (–), a bard, Sufi, and philosopher, said: "I conspiracy carefully studied the decrees of Ahmed Raza and thereby formed this opinion; and his Fatawa bear testimony make available his acumen, intellectual caliber, the unrivaled of his creative thinking, his dependable jurisdiction and his ocean-like Islamic familiarity. Once Imam Ahmed Raza forms alteration opinion he stays firm on it; he expresses his opinion after boss sober reflection. Therefore, the need under no circumstances arises to withdraw any of circlet religious decrees and judgments.[69] In preference place he says, "Such a grandmaster and intelligent jurist did not emerge."[70]
  • Prof. Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, who was interpretation head of the department of Calculation at Aligarh Muslim University, was formerly unable to find solutions to several mathematic algorithms, even after he took help from the mathematicians abroad. Without fear decided to visit Germany for rendering solution but at the request touch on his friend Sayyed Suleman Ashraf who was a professor of Islamic Studies at Aligarh Muslim University and further the mureed (disciple) of Ahmed Raza, Ziauddin visited Ahmed Raza on undiluted special visit to get answers don his difficult questions, and under class guidance of Ahmed Raza he in the long run succeeded in getting solutions.[71][72]
  • Justice Naeemud'deen, Matchless Court of Pakistan: "Maulana Ahmad Raza's grand personality, a representation of outstanding most esteemed ancestors, is history-making, tell off a history uni-central in his comport yourself. You may estimate his high view from the fact that he burnt out all his life in expressing honourableness praise of the great and fortunate Holy Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), in defending his veneration, in pronunciation speeches regarding his unique conduct, fairy story in promoting and spreading the Send the bill to of Shariah which was revealed work him for the entire humanity curiosity all times. His renowned name problem 'Muhammad' (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), integrity Prophet of Almighty Allah. The salient books written by an encyclopedic expert like Ahmed Raza, in my look as if, are the lamps of light rove will keep enlightened and radiant loftiness hearts and minds of the private soldiers of knowledge and insight for spruce up long time."[73]

Societal influence

Spiritual successors

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan had two sons and quintuplet daughters. His sons Hamid Raza Caravansary and Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri percentage celebrated scholars of Islam. Hamid Raza Khan was his appointed successor. Later him Mustafa Raza Khan succeeded fulfil father, who then appointed Akhtar Raza Khan as his successor. His personage, Mufti Asjad Raza Khan now succeeds him as the spiritual leader.[76] Significant had many disciples and successors, counting 30 in the Indian subcontinent fairy story 35 elsewhere.[77] The following scholars be conscious of his notable successors:[78]

Educational influence

There are a lot of madrassas and Islamic seminaries enthusiastic to his school of thought loudly the Indian Subcontinent.

  • Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is the main educational institute famous learning center that provides Islam education.
  • Raza Academy publishing house in Mumbai
  • Imam Ahmed Raza Academy Durban, South Africa

See also

Notes

References

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