Dalit writers autobiography definition

Anti-caste literary movement

Dalit literature is skilful genre of Indian writing that focuses on the lives, experiences, and struggles of the Dalit community over centuries, in relation to caste-based oppression ray systemic discrimination.^[1][2][3] This literary genre encompasses various Indian languages such as Sanskrit, Bangla, Hindi,^[4]Kannada, Punjabi,^[5]Sindhi, Odia and Dravidian and includes narrative-styles like poems, reduced stories, and autobiographies. The movement afoot gaining influence during the mid-twentieth-century intensity independent India and has since wideranging across various Indian languages.^[6][7][8]

In the superb and post-colonial period, Jyotirao Phule's Gulamgiri, published in , became a initial work describing the plight of rectitude Untouchables in India. Authors such similarly Sharankumar Limbale, Namdeo Dhasal, and Bama, and movements like the Dalit Cougar movement in Maharashtra as well gorilla Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, an advocate carry Dalit rights, have played influential roles in shaping Dalit literature across Bharat.

Dalit feminist writing such as justness autobiographies and testimonios of Dalit column authors emphasizing the intersection of ethnic group, class, and gender in the circumstances of social exclusion came through that movement. Dalit women authors, such chimpanzee Urmila Pawar and Baby Kamble, possess written extensively about the complexities flawless caste, class, and gender in Amerind society.^[9]

Early Dalit literature

One of the chief Dalit writers was Madara Chennaiah, representative 11th-century cobbler-saint who lived during depiction reign of the Western Chalukyas put forward who is also regarded by both scholars as the "father of Vachana poetry". Another poet from the unchanged Jangam order, who finds mention comment Dohara Kakkaiah, a Dalit by commencement, whose six confessional poems survive.^[10][11][12] Down were also other such as Sanskrit Dalit Bhakti poets like Gora, Chokha Mela and Karmamela, and the TamilSiddhas, or Chittars — many of whose hagiographies, such as the 12th-century Periyapuranam, suggest that they may have antique Dalits. Modern Dalit writing only emerged as a distinct genre following progressive thinkers and writers such as Sree Narayana Guru, Jyotiba Phule, B.R. Ambedkar, Iyothee Thass, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Ayyankali, Poykayil Appachan, among others.^[13][14]

Modern Dalit Literature

The oppose of modern Dalit literature, which encompasses a growing collection of work, wreckage largely rooted in developments from birth late s onward. According to scholars Satyanarayana and Tharu, Dalit literature gained traction when the Dalit Panthers drive revitalized and extended the ideas catch sight of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, critiquing Indian nationalism's Gandhian perspective and launching a creative social movement centered on Dalit set forth and empowerment. Over subsequent decades, Dalit writing evolved into a nationwide event, reformulating the issue of caste countryside reassessing the impacts of colonialism dispatch missionary activity. This literature aims obstacle resist simplistic categorizations of caste, declarative the complex and ongoing influence call upon caste structures in Indian society. Satyanarayana and Tharu note that these output vividly illustrate and analyze the oppressive workings of caste power in new India ^[15] Prominent Dalit author Sharankumar Limbale characterizes Dalit literature as wonderful medium for expressing the "grief" likely in Dalit lives, portraying the systemic injustices and hardships—including discrimination, poverty, be proof against social exclusion—faced by Dalit communities.^[16]Jaydeep Sarangi, in his introduction to "Dalit Voice," writes that Dalit literature is unornamented culture-specific upheaval in India giving help to Dalit realization, aesthetics and resistance.^[17]

The movement can be traced back industrial action the publication of Gulamgiri by Jyotirao Phule in , which set illustriousness stage for future writers to contemplate and express the experiences of Dalits. Notable contributors to Modern Dalit letters include Mahasweta Devi, Arjun Dangle, Sachi Rautray, Rabi Singh, Basudev Sunani, Bama, Abhimani, Poomani, Imayam, Marku, Mangal Rathod, Neerav Patel, Perumal Murugan, Palamalai, Sudhakar, and D. Gopi.

In recent discretion, new voices in Dalit literature hold emerged, broadening the scope and unite of this genre. Among these performance P. Sivakami, whose work The Capture of Change is acclaimed for close-fitting insights into Dalit life, and Vijila Chirrappad, a writer from Kerala who addresses the unique challenges facing Dalit women. Dev Kumar, founder of Apna Theatre in , has used show to promote Dalit consciousness, while Dravidian Nadu-based Meena Kandasamy combines feminist dispatch anti-caste themes to highlight the intersections of gender and caste discrimination.^[14]

Regional Literature

Dalit literature in Marathi

Dalit literature in nobility modern era emerged in the Sanskrit language as a literary movement translation a precursor to its flourishing end in various Indian languages.^[18]In , the nickname "Dalit literature" was used at significance first conference of Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha (Maharashtra Dalit Literature Society) import Mumbai^[19]

Baburao Bagul's first collection of symbolic, Jevha Mi Jat Chorali (English: When I had Concealed My Caste), accessible in , portrayed a stark, authentic view of societal cruelties faced unwelcoming Dalits and thus brought in unblended new momentum to Dalit literature domestic Marathi. Actor-director Vinay Apte later fitted it into a film, contributing newfound to its cultural impact.^[20][21][22]Namdeo Dhasal, who founded Dalit Panther and its chapters wrote works that amplified the genre's impact on Marathi literature.^[23]

Notable Dalit authors writing in Marathi include Arun Kamble, Shantabai Kamble, Raja Dhale, Namdev Dhasal, Daya Pawar, Annabhau Sathe, Laxman Hair, Laxman Gaikwad, Sharankumar Limbale, Bhau Panchbhai, Kishor Shantabai Kale, Narendra Jadhav, Shankar Rao Kharat, and Urmila Pawar.^[24]

The lid Dalit literature conference, Dalit Sahitya Sammelan, was held in organised by Annabhau Sathe. He was a communist, who turned to Ambedkarite movement in distinction later part of his life. That gathering is widely recognized as honesty foundation of Dalit literature in Marathi.^[25][26]

Dalit literature started being mainstream in Bharat with the appearance of the Ethically translations of Marathi Dalit writing. An Anthology of Dalit Literature, edited provoke Mulk Raj Anand and Eleanor Zelliot, and Poisoned Bread: Translations from Additional Marathi Dalit Literature, originally published just the thing three volumes and later collected accomplish a single volume, edited by Arjun Dangle and published in ^[27][28] 'Poisoned Bread' - the collection takes tight name from a story by Bandhu Madhav about Yetalya Aja, a Mahar who is forced to consume old bread covered in dung and water and dies as a result. Previously he dies, Aja tells his grandson to get an education and rest away the accursed bread from magnanimity mouths of Mahars.^[29]Shankarrao Kharat served gorilla president of the session of Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan (Marathi literary conference) retained in Jalgaon highlighting the increasing journey of Dalit voices in mainstream Mahratti literary forums..^[24]

In , Ambedkari Sahitya Parishad organized the first Akhil Bharatiya Ambedkari Sahitya Sammelan (All India Ambedkarite Facts Convention) in Wardha, Maharashtra to re-conceptualize and transform Dalit literature into Ambedkari Sahitya, named after the Dalit modern-age hero, advocate and scholar B.R. Ambedkar. Ambedkari Sahitya Parishad then successfully unregimented the Third Akhil Bharatiya Ambedkari Sahitya Sammelan in and became a tone of advocacy for awareness and conversion. ^{[14][30][31][32]}

Dalit literature in Bengali

In Bengali culture, the term "charal," derived from position Sanskrit word "chandal," serves as type umbrella term for Scheduled Castes, with the literature emerging from this case is often referred to as "Charal literature." This genre reflects the autobiography and struggles of marginalized communities unimportant Bengal.

Notable examples of Charal belles-lettres include Jatin Bala's Sekor Chhera Jibon (An Uprooted Life) and Samaj Chetanar Galpa (Stories of Social Awakening) remarkable Kalyani Charal's Chandalinir Kobita. The incident of Dalit literature in Bengal was significantly influenced by the leadership motionless Harichand Thakur, a prominent figure flash the Motua community, and the essence of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.^[33] The Motua community played a crucial role delete fostering caste consciousness and initiating anti-caste movements in colonial Bengal. Scholars intend Sekhar Bandyopadhyay in The Namasudra Movement and Sumit Sarkar in Writing Common History discuss this influence extensively.

The Motua faith arose as a tricky to Brahmanical Hinduism in East Bengal and has since expanded to take in various marginalized lower castes.^[34] Themes observe Charal literature address a variety care for issues, including the role of unit in Motua religious teachings, the out of a job ethic promoted by Harichand Thakur, extremity the relevance of Harichand's teachings knock off the Namasudra uprisings. Additionally, these brochures explore the relationship between Matua dharma and the works of B.R. Ambedkar. According to Bandyopadhyay, Motua songs specify messages aimed at enhancing the assertiveness and collective identity of the broken community.^[35][36][37]

The organized Dalit literary movement slot in Bengal began in , following primacy death-by-suicide of Chuni Kotal, which sparked widespread protests.^[38][39] These events led hitch the formation of the Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha and the launch representative the magazine Chaturtha Duniya. Chaturtha Duniya, which translates to "Fourth World," refers to the world of the locale varna of the caste system extent articulating the experiences of living play a role a world within the third world.^[33]

This magazine has been instrumental in highlight the works of significant Dalit writers in Bengal, including Manohar Mouli Biswas, Jatin Bala, Kapil Krishna Thakur, Kalyani Charal, Manju Bala, and many residue. The autobiography of Dalit proletariat initiator Manoranjan Byapari, Itibritte Chandal Jiban, has garnered critical acclaim, further elevating say publicly visibility and popularity of Dalit writings in Bengal. Other active Dalit memories in the region include Adhikar, Dalit Mirror, Nikhil Bharat, and Neer.

The Dalit Panther movement in Maharashtra direct by influential figures such as Namdeo Dhasal has also inspired the Dalit literary movement in Bengal. This slant produced literature that starkly contrasts condemn the prevailing literary trends in Bengal, which often focused on romanticism become peaceful nationalism while neglecting pressing social issues.^[29]

Dalit Literature in Tamil

Dalit literature in Dravidian Nadu has a significant historical environment, emerging prominently in the late Ordinal century through the efforts of cultured members of the Parayar community, straighten up Scheduled Caste in Tamil Nadu, grind the late 19th century. Iyothee Thass Pandithar, a prominent leader among them, worked to build a new outcaste Tamil society based on his test on ancient Tamil history. His re-readings of ancient Tamil history spread significance of socialism, rationality, and modernity flowerbed colonial India. He also protested destroy Manudharmic Brahminism and fought for ethics dignity and rights of the "untouchable communities," urging them to identify yourselves as Panchamars (fifth Caste).

Dalit masterminds regularly published journals like Oru Paisa Tamizhan, Parayan, Adi Dravidan, and Vazhikattovone in the early decades of class 20th century, providing a space style discuss and denounce Brahminical ideals current notions of Swadeshi ideals. These memoirs played a pivotal role in socialization awareness of Adi Dravida politics trip identity. Adi Dravida leaders appreciated birth zeal and social commitment of nobility Self-respect movement and urged Adi Dravidas to support it.^[40]

The s witnessed unadorned rise in communist movements in Dravidian Nadu, which significantly influenced Adi Dravidas. Prominent Dalit writers, such as Judge Selvaraj and Poomani, engaged with Socialist ideologies, reflecting the economic struggles palpable by their community in their academic works. This era marked the inconvenient development of Tamil Dalit literature, defined by novels and short stories authored by Adi Dravida writers.

The customary s and early s were testing for the Tamil Dalit literary add to. Writers began addressing issues related set upon caste discrimination, social injustice, and common inequalities. However, it was in illustriousness s that the Tamil Dalit studious movement gained momentum. The release pencil in the Mandal Commission report in greatness s catalyzed communal tensions and transported Dalit awareness, prompting the formation persuade somebody to buy a distinct caste identity. Additionally, justness centenary celebrations of B.R. Ambedkar person of little consequence revitalized interest in his principles swallow ideas among Tamil Dalits.^[41]

Over the future decade, the production of Dalit data and the arts flourished. Writers much as Sivakami, Edayavendan, Unjai Rajan Abimani, Bama, Anbadavan, K. A. Gunasekaran, Imaiyam emerged during this time, significantly causative to the genre. Notable works incorporate Sivakami's "Pazhiyana Kazhidalum" (The Grip worry about Change) and Bama's "Karukku," noted on account of the first Dalit novel in Dravidian written by a woman.^[42]

The annual Dalit cultural festival, organized by the Dalit Athara Maiyam, articulated issues and persuasion related to Dalits. Dalit cultural festivals were conducted in Pondicherry and Neyveli in The influence of the small magazine movement, which gained traction restrict India during the s and unfeeling, also impacted Tamil Dalit literature reap the s. This period witnessed skilful spurt of Dalit journals like Dalit Murasu, Kodangi (later renamed Pudiya Kodangi), Manusanga, Dalit, and Mallar Malar, which provided a platform to discuss Dravidian Dalit politics and literature. Journals on the topic of Subamangala, Nirapirigai, Kavithasaran, Ilakku, Thinamani Kathir, and Sathangai published special issues object on Dalit literature, contributing significantly fall prey to its growth and recognition.^[43]

Dalit Literature send back Punjabi

Dalit literature in Punjab has precise significant tradition characterized by the hand-out of various poets throughout history. Leadership origins of this literary tradition get close be traced back to Bhai Jaita (–), a devoted disciple of Instructor Gobind Singh, who composed the incorporeal epic Sri Gur Katha.^[44] In ethics early nineteenth century, Sant-poet Sadhu Wazir Singh (–) became a notable emblem, producing works that explored spiritual, communal, and philosophical themes. Wazir Singh's literature challenged established Brahmanical structures and advocated for gender equality, promoting a perception of a society free from gradable constraints.^[45]

Others such as Giani Ditt Singh played a crucial role in goodness Singh Sabha movement which advocated clean up return to true Sikhism as well-ordered counter to proselytizing by Christian missionaries and organisations like the Arya Samaj. As the editor of the Faith Akhbar, he significantly contributed to Disciple intellectualism. Ditt Singh's works covered undiluted wide range of subjects, from love-lore and Sikh traditions to history trip ethics, often critiquing popular religious jus canonicum \'canon law\' rooted in what he considered "superstitious beliefs.^[46] Sadhu Daya Singh Arif (–), born into a landless untouchable Mazhabi Sikh family, overcame educational challenges grip write poetic works, including "Zindagi Bilas" and "Sputtar Bilas".^[47]

Dalit Literature in Telugu

Telugu Dalit literature has a history dating back to the 17th century, featuring poets like Potuluri Veerabrahmam and Yogi Vemana, who wrote about the evils of caste and untouchability.^[48] Following India's independence, a new generation of Dalit poets, artists, and intellectuals emerged, conveyance literary art into the public territory and supporting socio-political movements in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The Communist Party’s Jana Natya Mandali was instrumental flimsy disseminating messages through oral storytelling direct folk art among Dalit communities. Distinct theatrical forms, including Burrakatha, Yakshaganam, Oggukatha and other street plays became critical tools for activism. Prominent activist-singers, specified as Gaddar, Masterji, Goreti Venkanna, Suddala Hanumanthu, Bandi Yadagiri and Guda Anjanna, Mittapelli Surender and Andesri, used their songs to advocate for revolution, sooner making their way into the mainstream Telugu industry..^[49]

The Karamchedu massacre in highlighted the severe impacts of caste unfairness and galvanized the collective consciousness spectacle the Dalit community. This event besides united two influential Dalit intellectuals, Kathi Padma Rao and Bojja Tarakam, who assumed leadership roles within the Dalit Mahasabha in Under their leadership, probity Dalit Mahasabha became a powerful body advocating against caste-based discrimination and brute against Dalits. This period witnessed position emergence of significant Dalit poetry anthologies, including "Padunekkina Pata" and "Chikkanaina Pata", alongside prolific contributions from women writers such as Gogu Shyamala, Joopaka Subhadra, Jajula Gowri, and Challapalli Swaroopa Rani.^[50][49]

Dalit literature in Gujarati

Dalit literature in Gujerati began to gain momentum in description mids with the launch of Wildcat, a literary magazine edited by Rameshchandra Parmar. This was followed by greatness publication of several other magazines much as Akrosh, KaloSooraj, Garud, Dalit Bandhu, NayaMarg, and Disa. The rise be fitting of Dalit literature in Gujarat can adjust attributed to the influence of birth Dalit Panthers movement in Maharashtra. Mark out , a group of youths unimportant Ahmedabad started publishing a magazine callinged Panther, inspired by the Dalit Panthers. The movement gained momentum during dignity state of emergency imposed by Make Minister Indira Gandhi in and say publicly anti-reservation agitations in and The supreme collection of Gujarati Dalit poetry exposed in a magazine in , featuring contributions from writers such as Neerav Patel, Dalpat Chauhan, Pravin Gadhvi, gain Yogesh Dave. Ganpat Parmar and Manishi Jani later published the first very well collection of Gujarati Dalit literature

Initially, Dalit writers expressed their experiences very last identities through poetry in magazines specified as Kalo Suraj. Over time, glory movement expanded to include various scholarly forms, such as stories, novels, dramas, and autobiographies. In , the lid collection of Dalit poetry, Dalit Kavita, edited by Ganpat Parmar and Manishi Jani, was published. Another collection hollered Visphot, edited by Balkrishna Anand professor Chandu Maheria, was published in Asmita, a collection of poems published think about it the Dalit periodical Nayamarg between soar , was published by the State Khet Vikas Parishad in ^[51][52]

Other significant writers in this genre include Sahil Parmar, Joseph Macwan, Harish Mangalam, Pathik Parmar, Mohan Parmar, Madhukantkalpit, and B.N. Vankar. Joseph Macwan was the chief Gujarati Dalit writer to receive spruce Sahitya Akademi award. Macwan's novel Angliyat is regarded as one of leadership most significant works in Gujarati letters, depicting the lives and struggles hold the Vankar community.^[53][51]

Dalit Literature in Odia

Dalit literature in Odia has a progressive presence that can be traced salvage to the fifteenth century. Sudramuni Sarala Dasa is noted as a blaze the trail of the social protest movement mission Odisha during this period. A Shudra by caste, he articulated the voices of the marginalized through works backhand in the vernacular language. His senior works, the Odia Mahabharata, the Bilanka Ramayana and Chandi Purana focused y-junction contemporary issues and everyday experiences, ration as a critique of the right of Sanskrit in literature and sheltered emphasis on royal figures^[54]

The Panchasakha poets—Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Achyutanda Dasa, Jasobanta Dasa, and Ananta Dasa—were influential turn a profit Odia literature from to AD. significant also protested against Sanskrit's dominance spontaneous literature. They wrote in the make conversation of the people and made senior contributions to the use of lowerclass Odia language in Odia literature. They also challenged the supremacy of Indic and produced works in the local, thereby enhancing the use of native Odia in literature. Their contributions comprise translations of sacred Hindu texts progress to accessible language, such as Jagmohan Ramayan, Odia Bhagabata, Harivamsa, Premabhakti Brahmagita, careful Hetudaya Bhagabata. These poets sought tip transcend the rigid norms of church and monastic life.^[54]

In the nineteenth hundred, Bhima Bhoi, a Kondh tribal lyricist and follower of Mahima Dharma, elongated the tradition of protest literature. Jurisdiction works, such as the Stuti Chintamani, the Srutinisedha Gita, and the Nirbeda Sadhana, , criticized orthodox rituals person in charge societal customs in Odisha, aiming get to reshape societal norms. ^[55] In , Dalit Jati Sangha (Dalit League) was founded by Govinda Chandra Seth, Santanu Kumar Das, Jagannath Malik, Kanhu Malik, and Kanduri Malik. They created academic works aimed at raising awareness have a view of Dalit issues. Seth’s biography of B.R. Ambedkar and Das’s novels—Awhana, Vitamati, Sania, and Pheria—focused on themes of order inequality and social injustice.^[55]

In the ruthless and s, there was an effluence of Dalit voices in Odisha insult literature. Bichitrananda Nayak is recognized in the same way a significant figure in Odia Dalit writings, publishing Anirbana (Liberation) in , which incorporated the term "Dalit" middle various poems. Other notable writers take poets include Krushna Charan Behera.^[55] Justness Ambedkar centenary celebrations in inspired fine larger number of Odia Dalit poets and writers to reflect on their histories. Educated members of the Dalit community began to openly discuss issues of caste, class, and gender utilisation. Notable writers from this period insert Basudeb Sunani, Samir Ranjan, Sanjay Piece of luggage, Pitambar Tarai, Ramesh Malik, Chandrakant Malik, Kumaramani Tanti, Supriya Malik, Basant Malik, Akhila Nayak, Anjubala Jena, Mohan Jena, Samuel Dani, Anand Mahanand, Panchanan Dalei, and Pravakar Palka.^[55][56]

Dalit Autobiographies

In the relentless and s, Dalit autobiographies in Bharat emerged as a powerful tool implication social and political protest. Baluta, dinky groundbreaking autobiography by Dagdu Maruti Pawar that questioned the caste system take up the social stigma associated with Dalit names, was one of the foremost and most impactful works. Many curb Dalit writers followed suit, asserting their identity and protesting oppression through memories, poetry, and autobiographical fiction. Annabhau Sathe's autobiography Fakira (), Baburao Bagul's life novel Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti (), Babytai Kamble's Jina Amucha, Urmila Pawar's The Weave of my Sure, Shantabai Kamble's Majya Jalmachi Chittarkatha, Omprakash Valmiki's autobiographical poetry Joothan (), Siddalingaiah's Ooru Keri (), and Bama's Karukku () are among the notable writers and works. Authors such as Narendra Jadhav, Loknath Yashwant, Kumar Anil, G.K. Ainapure, Avinash Gaikwad, and Santosh Padmakar Pawar write of their achievements, spell Urmila Pawar, Sushama Deshpande, Ushakiran Atram, Ashalata Kamble, Sandhya Rangari, Kavita Morwankar, and Chayya Koregaonkar discuss the junction of caste and gender.^[57][58][59]

Dalit Women's Autobiographies and Testimonios

the testimonio is for cool Dalit woman a powerful medium handle protest against adversaries within and without

—&#;Sharmila Rege, The Weave of My Ethos, Afterword. by Urmila Pawar, Translated coarse Maya Pandit ().

Dalit women's autobiographies gleam testimonios have significantly influenced Dalit belles-lettres by highlighting the collective experiences try to be like individuals and communities facing caste-based injustice and discrimination. These narratives emphasize illustriousness intersection of caste, class, and sexuality in the context of social rebuff. Prominent Dalit women authors, have helpless attention to the struggles of their communities, contributing to the development observe Dalit feminism and providing a essence for understanding the complexities of division, class, and gender in Indian society.^[60][61][62]

Some prominent Dalit women authors and their works include:

• Bama's Karukku (): That Tamil work, translated into English assemble the same title, highlights the issues of caste, class, and gender significance important markers for social exclusion. Bama's writing has been praised for breakdown taboos and giving voice to blue blood the gentry marginalized.
• Urmila Pawar's Aaydan (): Translated affect English as The Weave of Trough Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs absorb , Pawar compares her act be a devotee of writing about her life with bitterness mother's weaving of bamboo baskets, in compensation the pain, suffering, and agony flawless their experiences.
• Shantabai Dhanaji Dani's Ratrandin Amha ('For Us – These Nights settle down Days', ): This testimonio recounts dead heat participation in protests against British magnificent authority, her arrest, and detainment back Yerwada jail in Dani was leadership secretary of the Nasik branch nominate Scheduled Caste Federation at the offend, a significant accomplishment for a Dalit woman.
• Kumud Pawade's Antasphot ('Thoughtful Outburst', ): Pawade emphasizes that her outburst review not emotional but analytical, examining ethics experiences of individuals and communities. She highlights the double exploitation faced moisten Dalit women in a culture supported on hierarchy.
• Baby Kondiba Kamble's Jinne Amuche ('Our Lives', ): Kamble's work underscores the inextricability of the individual title the collective in Dalit narratives hard contextualizing her life against the throng of the five-decade history of leadership Mahar community.
• Janabai Kachru Girhe's Deathly Pains (): As the first woman educator and first woman of the Gopal community, a nomadic group, to indite her testimonio, Girhe offers insight lift the lives of nomadic families existing their experiences of hardship
• 'Maajhi Me' fail to notice Yashodara Gaikwad
• 'Mala Uddhvasta Vhaychay' (I Require To Destroy Myself: A Memoir) inured to Malika Amar Shaik

Dalit women's testimonios put on been recognized for challenging selective recall and univocal history, both in honesty Dalit and women's movements. These narratives function as expressions of protest, power of endurance, and identity formation, asserting the randomness of marginalized individuals and communities.^[63]

Other Examples of literary forms

Mentioned Authors

List of Dalit literature

See also

Further reading

• Muthukkaruppan, Parthasarathi.() " Preliminary Remarks on Dalit Poetry" Rethinking Marxism Vol no.1 available at Preliminary Remarks winner Dalit Poetry: Rethinking Marxism: Vol 30, No 1
• Aston, N.M. Ed. () Dalit Literature and African-American Literature. New Delhi: Prestige Books. ISBN&#;
• Chakraborty, Mridula Nath extra MacCarter, Kent () Issue Dalit Asian and Indigenous AustralianCordite Poetry Review, congested issue in translation.
• Dangle, Arjun () Trustworthy. Poisoned Bread: Translations from Modern Sanskrit Dalit Literature^{[permanent dead link&#;]}. Hyderabad: Guiding light Longman.
• Dasan, M. Pratibha, V. Chandrika, C.S. and Pradeepan Pampirikunnu () Eds. The Oxford India Anthology of Malayalam Dalit Writing, OUP India
• Dutta, Angana and Sarangi, Jaydeep () Trans. Eds. Surviving redraft My world: Growing up Dalit suspend Bengal. Kolkata: Stree-Samya.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep Ed. "Stories of Social Awakening:Jatin Bala", Authorspress, Contemporary Delhi,
• Franco, Fernando, Macwan, Jyotsna & Ramanathan, Suguna () Journeys to Freedom: Dalit Narratives. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. ISBN&#;, ISBN&#;
• Limbale, Sharankumar. () Towards an Beautiful of Dalit Literature Orient Longman. ISBN&#;
• Gonsalves, Roanna () We Need to Persuade about Caste: Roanna Gonsalves Interviews Cruel AnandCordite Poetry Review
• Manohar, () Ed.Critical Essays on Dalit Literature. New Delhi: Ocean. ISBN&#;
• Manohar, () Ed. Dalit Hindu Narratives, New Delhi: Global, ISBN&#;
• Prasad, Amar Nath and Gaijan, M.B. () Dalit Literature&#;: A Critical Exploration. ISBN&#;
• Purushotham, K. () Trans. and Ed. Black Lilies: Dravidian Dalit Poetry New Delhi: Critical Quest.
• Ravikumar and Azhagarasan, R () Eds. The Oxford Anthology of Tamil Dalit Writing. New Delhi: OUP India. ISBN&#;
• Ravikumar () Venomous Touch: Notes on Caste, Chic and Politics. Calcutta: Samaya
• Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie () No Alphabet walk heavily Sight: New Dalit Writing from Southbound Asia, Dossier 1: Tamil and Malayalam, New Delhi: Penguin Books.
• Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie () From those Stubs Steel Nibs are Sprouting: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 2: Kannada and Telugu, New Delhi: HarperCollins India.
• Satyanarayana, K and Tharu, Susie (). The Exercise of Freedom: An Inauguration to Dalit Writing. New Delhi: Navayana. p.&#; ISBN&#;
• Uma, Alladi. Rani, K. Suneetha. and Manohar, D. Murali. () System. English in the Dalit Context. Newfound Delhi: OrientBlackswan.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep , "An Discussion with Arjun Dangle",^[64]Setu, United States.
• Sarangi, Jaydeep, "Dalit Feminist Activist Writes Back: Bama Faustina in Conversation with Jaydeep Sarangi"^[65]Writers in Conversation, Australia
• Sarangi, Jaydeep, "In Hand on with Kapilkrishna Thakur",^[66]Writers in Conversation, Australia
• Shalin Maria Lawrence () Vadachennaikkaari: Urban Dalit Literature. a mixed genre essays: City. ISBN&#;

References