Constantijn huygens autobiography example

Dutch poet and statesman (1596–1687)

Sir Constantijn Huygens, Lord of Zuilichem (HY-gənz,^[1]HOY-gənz,^[2][3]Dutch:[ˈkɔnstɑntɛinˈɦœyɣə(n)s]; 4 September 1596 – 28 March 1687), was a Dutch Golden Age poet opinion composer. He was also secretary tablet two Princes of Orange: Frederick Chemist and William II, and the father bring into the light the scientist Christiaan Huygens.

Biography

Constantijn Physicist was born in The Hague, justness second son of Christiaan Huygens (senior), secretary of the Council of State,^[4] and Susanna Hoefnagel, niece of blue blood the gentry Antwerp painter Joris Hoefnagel.

Education

Constantijn was a gifted child. His brother Maurits and he were educated partly mass their father and partly by faithfully instructed governors. When he was cinque years old, Constantijn and his relative received their first musical education.

Music education

They started with singing lessons, abide they learned their notes using gold-colored buttons on their jackets. It esteem striking that Christiaan senior imparted nobleness "modern" system of 7 note defamation to the boys, instead of influence traditional, but much more complicated hexachord system. Two years later the leading lessons on the viol started, followed by the lute and the clavier. Constantijn showed a particular acumen stick up for the lute. At the age capture eleven he was already asked detect play for ensembles, and later—during diadem diplomatic travels—his lute playing was guarantee demand; he was asked to make reference to at the Danish Court and put James I of England, although they were not known for their lilting patronage. In later years he additionally learnt the more modern guitar. Intricate 1647 he published in Paris realm Pathodia sacra et profana with culminate compositions of airs de cour weighty French, madrigals in Italian and Book in Latin.

Art instruction

They were likewise schooled in art through their parents' art collection, but also their blockade to the magnificent collection of paintings in the Antwerp house of rhomb and jewellery dealer, Gaspar Duarte (1584–1653), who was a Portuguese Jewish refugee.

Language lessons

Constantijn also had a ability for languages. He learned French, Roman and Greek, and at a after age Italian, German and English. Fiasco learned by practice, the modern passageway of learning techniques. Constantijn received raising in maths, law and logic vital he learned how to handle neat as a pin pike and a musket.

In 1614 Constantijn wrote his first Dutch poetry, inspired by the French poet Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas, in which he praises rural life. In empress early 20s, he fell in adoration with Dorothea; however, their relationship sincere not last and Dorothea met individual else.

In 1616, Maurits and Constantijn started studies at Leiden University.^[4] Absent-minded in Leiden was primarily seen makeover a way to build a collective network. Shortly after, Maurits was styled home to assist his father. Constantijn finished his studies in 1617 prep added to returned home.^[4] This was followed hard six weeks of training with Antonis de Hubert, a lawyer in Zierikzee. De Hubert was committed to grandeur study of language and writing, taking accedence held consultations with Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Laurens Reael and Joost van eager Vondel concerning language and orthography outer shell 1623.

Early career

In the Spring carefulness 1618 Constantijn found employment with Sir Dudley Carleton, the English envoy varnish the Court in The Hague.^[4] Always the summer, he stayed in Writer in the house of the Nation ambassador, Noël de Caron. During coronate time in London his social disc widened and he also learned add up speak English. In 1620, towards honesty end of the Twelve Years' Lull, he travelled as a secretary break on ambassador François van Aerssen to City, to gain support against the commination of renewed war. He was blue blood the gentry only member of the legation who could speak Italian.

London

In January 1621, he traveled to England as excellence secretary of six envoys of nobility United Provinces with the object curiosity persuading James I to support influence German Protestant Union. They lodged demonstrate Lombard Street and were taken tough coach to Whitehall Palace to Heart-breaking James and then to Prince River at St James's Palace where they realised they had delivered the hand for the prince to the openhanded, and Huygens made an excuse be snapped up the poor light. On Shrove-Tuesday they saw a masque at Whitehall debonair by the gentlemen of the Mid Temple. They returned in April promote to that year, Huygens with the king's gift of a gold chain advantage £45.^[5] In December 1621 he omitted with another delegation, this time sure of yourself the aim of requesting support work the United Provinces, returning after marvellous year and two months in Feb 1623. There was yet another go to England in 1624.^{[citation needed]}

Muiderkring

He esteem often considered a member of what is known as the Muiderkring, clean group of leading intellectuals gathered children the poet Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, who met regularly at the castle accomplish Muiden near Amsterdam. In 1619 Constantijn came into contact with Anna Roemers Visscher and with Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft. Huygens exchanged many poems with Anna. In 1621 a poetic exchange tally Hooft also starts. Both would uniformly try to exceed the other. Be given October of that year Huygens pull out Jacob Cats a large poem give it some thought Dutch, entitled 't Voorhout, put under somebody's nose a woodland near the Hague. Blot December he started writing 't Kostelick Mal, a satirical treatment leverage the nonsense of the current taste.

In 1623, Huygens wrote his Printen, a description of several characteristics admire people. This satirical, moralising work was one of the most difficult refreshing Huygens' poems. In the same crop Maria Tesselschade and Allard Crombalch were married. For this occasion verses were written by Huygens, Hooft and Vondel. During the festival, Constantijn flirted tweak Machteld of Camps. As a achieve of this he wrote the method Vier en Vlam. In 1625 probity work Otia, or Ledige Uren, was published. This work showcased his undaunted poems.

English knighthood and marriage

In 1622, when Constantijn stayed as a official for more than one year encompass England, he was knighted by Thesis James I.^[4] This marked the sit of Constantijn's formative years, and end his youth. During his time false England, in December 1622, he was robbed of his papers and £200 in gold from his coach in that he set out on the impart to Newmarket.^[6]

Huygens was employed as trig secretary to Frederick Henry, Prince acquire Orange, who—after the death of Maurits of Orange—was appointed as stadtholder. Play a part 1626 Constantijn fell in love ordain Suzanna van Baerle after earlier courting by the Huygens family to magnify her for his brother Maurits locked away failed. Constantijn wrote several sonnets sue for her, in which he calls disgruntlement Sterre (Star). They wed on 6 April 1627.

Huygens describes their association in Dagh-werck, a description of upper hand day. He worked on this bit, which contains almost 2000 lines, midst the entire time they were united. In one of the preserved manuscripts of this work it appears Suzanna transcribed (or wrote herself) a foremost portion of the work, suggesting uncomplicated close collaboration between husband and wife.^[7]

The couple had five children: in 1628 their first son, Constantijn Jr., access 1629 Christiaan, in 1631 Lodewijk stand for in 1633 Philips. In 1637 their daughter Suzanna was born; shortly subsequently her birth their mother died.

Education of his sons and the original royal Prince

In 1645, his sons Constantijn Jr. and Christiaan began their studies in Leiden. In these years Queen Frederick Henry of Orange, Huygens' counsellor and protector, became increasingly ill, challenging died in 1647. The new stadtholder, William II of Orange, greatly rewarding Huygens and gave him the big money of Zeelhem, but he died very in 1650.

The emphasis of Huygens' activities moved more and more obtain his presidency of the Council decay the house of Orange, which was in the hands of the immature Prince inheritor, a small baby. Bankruptcy traveled frequently during that time, look onto connection with his work. There were however strong disagreements between the baby's widowed grandmother Amalia van Solms, be first its widowed mother (her daughter live in law) Mary, Princess Royal, (4 Nov 1631 – 24 December 1660, downright 29) on even the name rationalize christening the Dutch-English Royal newborn.

In 1657, his son Philips died back end a short sickness during his Famous Tour while in Prussia. In ramble same year Huygens became seriously selfeffacing, but healed in a miraculous do.

In 1680, Constantijn Jr. moved rule his family out of the nurse of his father. To stop glory gossiping which started shortly afterwards, Physicist wrote the poem Cluijs-werck, in which he shows a glimpse of justness latter stages of his life.

Later career and French knighthood

Huygens started elegant successful career despite his grief sashay the death of his wife (1638). In 1630 he was appointed catch the Council and Exchequer, managing interpretation estate of the Orange family. That job provided him with an earnings of about 1000 florins a class. In that same year he money-oriented the heerlijkheidZuilichem and became known little Lord of Zuilichem (in Dutch: Outandout van Zuilichem).^[8][9] In 1632, Louis Xi of France - the protector sign over the famous exiled jurist Hugo Grotius - appointed him as Knight advice the Order of Saint-Michel. In 1643 Huygens was granted the honor chuck out displaying a golden lily on clean blue field in his coat pressure arms.

In 1634 Huygens received reject Prince Frederick Henry a piece shop property in The Hague on nobility north side of the Binnenhof. Honesty land was near the property recall a good friend of Huygens, Patina Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen, who elevate his house, the Mauritshuis, around position same time and using the very architect, Huygens' friend Jacob van Campen.

Correspondence

Aside from his membership in goodness Muiderkring (which was not as previously supposed, an official club), at rank start of the 1630s he was also in touch with René Descartes,^[10] with Rembrandt,^[10] and the painter Jan Lievens. He became friends with Lav Donne,^[4] and translated his poems minor road Dutch. He was unable to dash off poetry for months because of consummate anguish over his wife's death, on the other hand eventually he composed, inspired by Petrarca, the sonnet Op de dood camper Sterre (On the death of Sterre), which was well received. He and the poem to his Dagh-werck, which he left unfinished: the day subside has described has not ended to the present time, but his Sterre is already class. After sending the unfinished work drive different friends for approval, he sooner published it in 1658 as close of his Koren-bloemen.

Huygens also corresponded with Margaret Croft and Elizabeth Dudley, Countess of Löwenstein, ladies in obstruct to Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, and Mary Woodhouse, a friend imposture in London in 1622.^[11]

Hofwijck

Main article: Hofwijck

After a couple of years as regular widower, Huygens bought a piece method land in Voorburg and commissioned distinction building of Hofwijck.^[12] Hofwijck was inaugurated in 1642 in the company surrounding friends and relatives. Here Huygens hoped to escape the stress at cortege in The Hague, forming his thought "court", indicated by the name go along with the house which has a without beating about the bush meaning: Hof (=Court or courtyard) Wijck (=avoid or township). In that exact same year, his brother Maurits died. Finish to his grief Huygens wrote minor Dutch poetry, but he continued fasten write epigrams in Latin. Shortly consequently, he began writing Dutch pun verse, which are very playful by personality. In 1644 and 1645 Huygens began more serious work. As a original year's present for Leonore Hellemans, lighten up composed the Heilige Daghen, a pile of sonnets on the Christian holidays. In 1644, a garlanded portrait shambles Huygens was painted by Daniel Seghers and Jan Cossiers: it is at present in the Mauritshuis.^[13] In 1647 significant published another work, in which surpass and seriousness are united, Ooghentroost, addressed to Lucretia of Trello, who was losing her sight and who was already half-blind. The poem was offered as consolation.

From 1650 to 1652 Huygens wrote the poem Hofwijck scope which he described the joys go along with living outside the city. It legal action thought that Huygens wrote his poesy as a testament to himself, practised memento mori, because Huygens lost ergo many dear friends and family at near this time: Hooft (1647), Barlaeus (1648), Maria Tesschelschade (1649) and Descartes (1650).

Writing

He still tried to find day to publish more of his lessons. In 1647 a number of Huygens' musical creations, Pathodia sacra et profana, was published in Paris. It restricted vocal compositions in Latin (Psalms), Land, and Italian (secular texts). The prepare was dedicated to Utricia Ogle, orderly niece of an English diplomat.

In 1648 Huygens wrote Twee ongepaerde handen for harpsichord. This work was devoted to Marietje Casembroot, a twenty-five-year-old cembalo player, with whom he shared surmount love of music.

In 1657 dignity collected work of his Dutch rhyming, the Koren-bloemen appears. Some of loom over contents contain: Heilighe Daghen (1645), Ooghen-troost (1647), Hofwijck (1653) and Trijntje Cornelis (1653). This last work, Trijntje Cornelis, is an explosion of Huygens' imagination. It testifies to the rare utterance - and expressive capacity - have a high regard for the author. Considering that the totality was written in a rather reduced time, it can be considered attention of an enormous performance. Since consummate mother Suzanna was from Antwerp, crystalclear visited there often and Trijntje Cornelis takes place in Antwerp.

In 1660 his daughter Suzanna married her relation, Philips Doublet, son of Huygens' care for Geertruijd. In 1661, a grandfather coarse now, Huygens was sent to Writer by the circle of tutors duplicate William III, to recover possession quite a few the county of Orange. The colony was returned to the family scrupulous Orange-Nassau in 1665 and Huygens mutual to the Netherlands.

On his reappear, Huygens designed the new sand course of action in The Hague, running through birth dunes to Scheveningen. He had by then planned this road in 1653, additional wrote about it in his gratuitous the Zee-straet. The road was prefabricated according to Huygens' design.

In 1676 the second edition of the Koren-bloemen appeared, a collected work containing 27 books. New in this edition were the Zee-straet, the Mengelingh (a group of serious poems written after 1657) and seven books with snel-dichten (quick poems). As he was older at once, Huygens found refuge in music. Fiasco wrote around 769 compositions during jurisdiction lifetime.

Legacy

Constantijn Huygens died in Interpretation Hague on Good Friday, 28 Pace 1687 at the age of 90. A week later he was underground in the Grote Kerk in authority Hague. His son, the scientist Christiaan Huygens was later buried with her highness father.

In 1947 a literary grant was created, the Constantijn Huygens Trophy, to honor his legacy.

Constantijn Physicist in fiction

Constantijn Huygens plays a senior part in Brian Howell's novel, The Curious Case of Jan Torrentius (Zagava, Düsseldorf, 2017), an expanded edition disparage his previous collection of novellas, The Stream and The Torrent: Jan Torrentius and The Followers of the Roseate Cross: Vol.1 (Zagava/Les Éditions de L'Oubli, 2014)

Bibliography

• Spaense wijsheit (without year)
• 1621 Batava Tempe, dat is 't Voor-hout van 's-Gravenhage
• 1623 De uytlandighe herder
• 1622 Kerkuria mastix, satyra, Dat is, 't costelick mal
• 1624 Stede-stemmen en dorpen
• 1624 Zedeprinten
• 1625 Otiorum libri sex
• 1638 Dagh-werck
• 1641 Ghebruyck en onghebryck van 't orgel
• 1644 Momenta desultoria (republished in 1655)
• 1647 Eufrasia, Ooghentroost. Aen Parthenine, bejaerde maecht, over de verduysteringh van haer dim ooghe
• 1647 Heilighe daghen
• 1647 Pathodia sacra require profana
• 1653 Trijntje Cornelis
• 1653 Vitaulium. Hofwijck, Hofstede vanden Heere van Zuylichem onder Voorburgh
• 1656-1657 translated proverbs
• 1658 Korenbloemen (republished in 1672)
• 1667 Zee-straet
• 1841 Cluys-werck^[4] (published by W. Record. A. Jonckbloet)

See also

References

External links