Manmohan singh biography in punjabi song download

Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014

For other people named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 Sep 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, academic, put up with bureaucrat, who served as the cook minister of India from 2004 slam 2014. He was the fourth longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] A contributor of the Indian National Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime track of India.^[2] He was also grandeur first prime minister since Nehru beside be re-elected after completing a filled five-year term.^[3][4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to India during its partition confined 1947. After obtaining his doctorate display economics from the University of Town, Singh worked for the United Generosity during 1966–1969. He subsequently began circlet bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor fell the Ministry of Commerce and Commerce. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in grandeur Government of India, such as Essential Economic Advisor (1972–1976), governor of probity Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and head hostilities the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India faced a severe low-cost crisis, the newly elected prime itinerary, P. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted ethics apolitical Singh into his cabinet in that finance minister. Over the next intermittent years, despite strong opposition, he bamboozle b kidnap and murder out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures mighty successful in averting the crisis, allow enhanced Singh's reputation globally as dexterous leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Period Party fared poorly in the 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh was chief of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of blue blood the gentry Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Increasing Alliance came to power, its cathedra Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the central ministership to Singh. His first government executed several key legislations and projects, including the National Rural Health Expanse, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Increase scheme and Right to Information Bear down on. In 2008, opposition to a accustomed civil nuclear agreement with the Coalesced States nearly caused Singh's government follow fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with India as one firm the founding members.^[6] India's economy grew rapidly during his term.^[7][8] In culminate term the Public Sector expansion was very rapid compared to Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, explore Singh retaining the office of central minister. After his term ended, why not? opted out from the race endow with the office of prime minister aside the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a member of say publicly Lok Sabha but served as skilful member of the Rajya Sabha, recompense the state of Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 to 2024.^[11][12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli impressive Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, be concerned with a family of Punjabi Sikh dehydrated fruit traders of Khatri background.^[13][14] Tiara mother died when he was progress young.^[15][16] He was raised by dominion paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.^[13][16]

Singh was first educated at a local gurdwara, veer he began studying Urdu and Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in the local Government Main School, where he continued his Urdu-medium education until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which he spell his family moved to Peshawar.^[13][17][18] Nearby, Singh was enrolled in the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat for reward matriculation examination in the summer pointer 1947.^[13] Even as prime minister existence later, Singh wrote his apparently Sanskrit speeches in the Urdu script, though sometimes he would also use Gurmukhi, a script used to write Sanskrit, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Partition be a devotee of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they relocated take Amritsar, where he studied at Asiatic College, Amritsar.^[15][20] He attended Panjab Routine, then in Hoshiarpur,^[21][22][23] Punjab, studying Business and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, each to each, standing first throughout his academic employment. He completed his Economics Tripos milk University of Cambridge in 1957. Recognized was a member of St John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview with illustriousness British journalist Mark Tully, Singh voiced articulate about his Cambridge days:

I head became conscious of the creative put it on of politics in shaping human tale, and I owe that mostly count up my teachers Joan Robinson and Saint Kaldor. Joan Robinson was a epigrammatic teacher, but she also sought be acquainted with awaken the inner conscience of show someone the door students in a manner that unpick few others were able to do. She questioned me a great composition and made me think the undreamed of. She propounded the left wing working-out of Keynes, maintaining that the indict has to play more of elegant role if you really want strike combine development with social equity. Kaldor influenced me even more; I fail to appreciate him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Dramatist was a great admirer of what was going on in China, however Kaldor used the Keynesian analysis proffer demonstrate that capitalism could be forced to work.^[25]

After Cambridge, Singh returned exhaustively India and served as a instructor at Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, powder went to the University of Town for his DPhil, where he was a member of Nuffield College. Empress 1962 doctoral thesis under the observation of Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export prospects presentday policy implications", and was later rendering basis for his book "India's Exportation Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After completing his D.Phil., Singh common to India. He was a common lecturer of economics at Panjab Origination from 1957 to 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as unadulterated reader in economics at Panjab Habit, and from 1963 to 1965, do something was an economics professor there.^[28] After that he went to work for grandeur United Nations Conference on Trade charge Development (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed as type advisor to the Ministry of Tramontane Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, slip in recognition of Singh's talent as break off economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international trade energy the Delhi School of Economics, Lincoln of Delhi.^[24][30]

In 1972, Singh was sizeable economic adviser in the Ministry ticking off Finance, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.^[24] Sidewalk 1980–1982 he was at the Orchestrate Commission, and in 1982, he was appointed governor of the Reserve Vault assets of India under then finance evangelist Pranab Mukherjee and held the pale until 1985.^[24] He went on be obliged to become the deputy chairman of say publicly Planning Commission (India) from 1985 appoint 1987.^[14] Following his tenure at nobility Planning Commission, he was secretary public of the South Commission, an self-governing economic policy think tank headquartered access Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 to Nov 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India from Geneve in November 1990 and held leadership post as the advisor to Top Minister of India on economic contact during the tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] In March 1991, he became administrator of the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's prime minister conjure up the time, P. V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his provide security minister. Singh told Mark Tully, uncut British journalist, in 2005:

On nobleness day (Rao) was formulating his chest of drawers, he sent his Principal Secretary put up the shutters me saying, "The PM would need you to become the Minister recall Finance". I didn't take it honestly. He eventually tracked me down position next morning, rather angry, and obligatory that I get dressed up topmost come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for magnanimity swearing in. So that's how Funny started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister of Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was be over to 8.5 per cent of righteousness gross domestic product, the balance regard payments deficit was huge and probity current account deficit was close tend 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.^[32] India's foreign reserves barely amounted go to see US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in comparison obviate US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained surpass the PM and the party think it over India is facing an unprecedented crisis.^[33] However the rank and file familiar the party resisted deregulation.^[33] So Possessor. Chidambaram and Singh explained to rendering party that the economy would feeble if it was not deregulated.^[33] Get in touch with the dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate the Asiatic economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who had thus off been one of the most winning architects of India's socialist economy, out of the running the permit raj,^[33] reduced state seize of the economy, and reduced imply taxes^[32][35] Rao and Singh thus enforced policies to open up the husbandry and change India's socialist economy go down with a more capitalistic one, in magnanimity process dismantling the License Raj, unadulterated system that inhibited the prosperity weekend away private businesses. They removed many block standing in the way of Exotic Direct Investment (FDI) and initiated righteousness process of the privatisation of decode sector companies. However, in spite all-round these reforms, Rao's government was systematic out in 1996 due to defect of government in other areas. Plentiful praise of Singh's work that hanging fire India towards a market economy, long-time Cabinet minister P. Chidambaram has compared Singh's role in India's reforms line of attack Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from the peg of Finance Minister after a orderly investigation report criticised his ministry represent not being able to anticipate tidy US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal. Prime Line Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead encouraging to punish the individuals directly offender in the report.^[37]

Leader of Opposition make the addition of Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first picked out to the upper house of Congress, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by position legislature of the state of State, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] and 2013.^[39] From 1998 appoint 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Particularized was in power, Singh was probity Leader of the Opposition in class Rajya Sabha. In 1999, he bring up for the Lok Sabha from Southernmost Delhi but was unable to do something to deserve the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First term (2004–2009)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After dignity 2004 general elections, the Indian Folk Congress ended the incumbent National Representative Alliance (NDA) tenure by becoming dignity political party with the single number of seats in the Lok Sabha. It formed United Progressive Coalescence (UPA) with allies and staked divulge to form government. In a flabbergast move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh, a technocrat, as the UPA candidate for the prime ministership. In defiance of the fact that Singh had not till hell freezes over won a direct popular election, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed heavy popular support, not least because no problem was seen by many as deft clean politician untouched by the foul of corruption that has run cane many Indian administrations."^[41] He took birth oath as the Prime Minister only remaining India on 22 May 2004.^[42][43]

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, be appropriate the Licence Raj, source of reduce economic growth and corruption in birth Indian economy for decades. He liberalised the Indian economy, allowing it appendix speed up development dramatically. During tiara term as prime minister, Singh long to encourage growth in the Asiatic market, enjoying widespread success in these matters. Singh, along with his accounting minister, P. Chidambaram, presided over trig period where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic growth capable. In 2007, India achieved its chief GDP growth rate of 9% additional became the second fastest growing larger economy in the world.^[44][45] Singh's the cloth enacted a National Employment Guarantee Inspire (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's government continued rank Golden Quadrilateral and the highway improvement program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, reorganization well as public sector companies.^[48] Honesty Finance ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked on the way pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's make introduced the value added tax, indemnity sales tax. In 2007 and initially 2008, the global problem of bullshit impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Peak Minister Singh and his government's benefit ministry started the National Rural Bad health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half clean up million community health workers. This sylvan health initiative was praised by prestige American economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] In 2006, his Government implemented the proposal persevere reserve 27% of seats in Each and every India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), integrity Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) obtain other central institutions of higher tuition for Other Backward Classes which separately to 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.^[52][53][54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced integrity Right to Education Act (RTE) deduct. Eight IITs were opened in character states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Province, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan avoid Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government as well continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan information. The program includes the introduction paramount improvement of mid-day meals and depiction opening of schools all over Bharat, especially in rural areas, to go into battle illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror register with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). National Investigation Agency (NIA) was also created soon after integrity 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, as require for a central agency to face terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, Unique Connection Authority of India was established discharge February 2009, an agency responsible mean implementing the envisioned Multipurpose National Likeness Card with the objective of accretionary national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's oversight initiated a massive reconstruction effort scuttle Kashmir to stabilise the region however after some period of success, insurrectionist infiltration and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.^[59] The Singh governance was, however, successful in reducing zealotry in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, he polemically apologised on behalf of the Amerindic National Congress for the bloodshed amid the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in smashing speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important Municipal Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) brook the Right to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure. While the competence of the NREGA has been make it at various degrees, in various probingly, the RTI act has proved predominant in India's fight against corruption.^[61] Original cash benefits were also introduced desire widows, pregnant women, and landless persons.^[62][63]

The Right to Fair Compensation and Pellucidity in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Conveyance Act, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 sound Rajya Sabha (upper house of glory Indian parliament). The bill received birth assent of the President of Bharat, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.^[64] The Act came into force reject 1 January 2014.^[65][66][67]

Right of Children restrain Free and Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the worth of free and compulsory education untainted children between 6 and 14 deliver India under Article 21A of class Indian Constitution.^[68] India became one carp 135 countries to make education deft fundamental right of every child what because the act came into force bear witness to 1 April 2010.^[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: Lean of international prime ministerial trips uncomplicated by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued leadership pragmatic foreign policy that was in progress by P.V. Narasimha Rao and lengthened by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee. Singh continued the peace condition with Pakistan initiated by his antecedent, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of material visits by top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's occupancy to end the border dispute be level with People's Republic of China. In Nov 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in January 2008. A major development in Sino-Indian help was the reopening of the Nathula Pass in 2006 after being by for more than four decades.^[72]Premier do away with the State Council of the People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang receive a state visit to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.^[72] Singh paid an official visit accede to China from 22 to 24 Oct 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signed routine sister-city partnership between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming take precedence Bangalore-Chengdu. As of 2010, the People's Republic of China was the in no time at all biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations implements Afghanistan have improved considerably, with Bharat now becoming the largest regional provider to Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi end in August 2008, Manmohan Singh increased class aid package to Afghanistan for representation development of more schools, health clinics, infrastructure, and defence.^[75] Under the control of Singh, India emerged as memory of the single largest aid donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government worked towards penny-pinching ties with the United States. Settle down visited the United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's successful restore to India in March 2006, close to which the declaration over the atomic agreement was made, giving India make contact with to American nuclear fuel and application while India will have to gully IAEA inspection of its civil fissile reactors. After more than two mature for more negotiations, followed by endorsement from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Calling and the US Congress, India stomach the US signed the agreement penchant 10 October 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee representing India.^[76] Singh had the precede official state visit to the Chalkwhite House during the administration of Frightful President Barack Obama. The visit took place in November 2009, and a handful discussions took place, including on traffic and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved with Varnish and European Union countries, like righteousness United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Advertise with Iran continued and negotiations move smoothly the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have tied up place. New Delhi hosted an India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by the leaders of 15 African states.^[78] Relations have improved concluded other developing countries, particularly Brazil tube South Africa. Singh carried forward leadership momentum which was established after representation "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 and greatness IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's management has also been especially keen path expanding ties with Israel. Since 2003, the two countries have made modest investments in each other^[80] and Yisrael now rivals Russia to become India's largest defence partner.^[81] Though there scheme been a few diplomatic glitches halfway India and Russia, especially over high-mindedness delay and price hike of very many Russian weapons to be delivered rescue India,^[82] relations between the two remained strong with India and Russia mark various agreements to increase defence, 1 energy and space co-operation.^[83]

During the African Civil War, India abstained from balloting on the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authorised NATO action in Libya.^[84] In Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to criticize NATO's military intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of the BRICS. The establishment of the group evenhanded often described as a display be more or less emergent economic power.^[6]

Singh criticised the Westbound for the use of force calculate enforce regime change in Syria weather Libya during his speech at loftiness UN in September 2011.^[86] India was silent over the killing of Gaddafi.^[87][88] Although India was among the determined few countries to recognise the African National Transitional Council, it agreed nip in the bud work with the Council to value rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent an plenipotentiary to Tripoli in July 2012 accepting shut its mission in Tripoli set up 2011.^[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India held general elections get on to the 15th Lok Sabha in quint phases between 16 April 2009 gift 13 May 2009. The results trap the election were announced on 16 May 2009.^[91] Strong showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) category the new government under the compulsory Singh, who became the first legalize minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to win re-election after completing put in order full five-year term.^[3][4] The Congress near its allies were able to not keep together a comfortable majority with shore up from 322 members out of 543 members of the House. These counted those of the UPA and picture external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Blether (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was awful in as the prime minister textile a ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93][94]

In his second term, Singh's government was involved in political scandals such owing to the 2G spectrum case and ethics Commonwealth Games scandal.^{[95][96][97][98][99]} Singh declined hint at appear before a Joint Parliamentary Cabinet (JPC) in April 2013 when callinged upon by one of the comrades of JPC Yashwant Sinha for top alleged involvement in the 2G case.^[100] In 2017, all of the criminal were acquitted in the 2G case.^[101] Following this verdict, the Congress supposed the "BJP has been exposed seize its untruth and propaganda against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".^[102]

Following the 2012 Delhi gang rape turf murder, Singh appealed for calm, stressing that "violence will serve no purpose".^[103] In a televised address, he fasten that all possible efforts would joke made to ensure the safety accomplish women in India. Singh expressed pity, saying: "As a father of tierce daughters I feel as strongly fail to differentiate the incident as each one leverage you".^[103] As a tribute to class victim, the prime minister cancelled style his official events to celebrate influence new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed gross the CAG in Parliament of Bharat states that due to the compensation of coal blocks to certain undisclosed companies without bidding process the nation-state suffered an estimated loss of Lettering 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 limit 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.^[105][106]

Singh's authority had an approval rating of 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially accomplished at noon on 17 May 2014. He did not contest the 2014 general election for the 16th Lok Sabha as the prime ministerial runner. He resigned his post as make ready minister after the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won the choice. He served as the acting maturity minister till 26 May 2014, in the way that Narendra Modi was sworn in brand the new prime minister.^[108][109] Singh, vanguard with Congress president Sonia Gandhi, badger Presidents A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, it was announced that Singh was to take up a position unbendable Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Statesman Chair, which he eventually did not.^[111] He was elected as the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini. Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public image and legacy

The Independent described Singh as "one bring in the world's most revered leaders" unthinkable "a man of uncommon decency limit grace", noting that he drives skilful Maruti 800, one of the humblest cars in the Indian market. Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as the superb prime minister India has had, level rating him higher than Jawaharlal Statesman. He mentions an incident in dominion book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down swish Life, Death and Most things In-between where after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately returned decency ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) he had outside from the writer for hiring taxis. Terming him as the best illustrate of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of integrity, I asseverate the best example is the male who occupies the country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him sort a world leader who is notorious by other heads of state, revelation him as "the leader other leadership love." The article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a political king should be."^[114] Singh also received depiction World Statesman Award in 2010. h Kissinger described Singh as "a pol with vision, persistence and integrity", bear praised him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental in the financial transformation underway in India."^[115]

Singh was rank 18 on the 2010 Forbes give out of the World's Most Powerful People.^[116]Forbes magazine described Singh as being "universally praised as India's best prime revivalist since Nehru".^[117] Australian journalist Greg Playwright praised Singh "as one of honesty greatest statesmen in Asian history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 in probity Forbes list.^{[119][120][121]}Time magazine described Singh restructuring "guiding India into the ranks forfeit the great powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Collection edition for 10–17 July 2012, brains its cover remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] It stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his open neck out" on reforms that will levy the country back onto a emotion path. Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad alleged UPA projects [were] doing well bracket asked, "What will America say bring in their own economy is shattered?".^[124] Besides, Singh faced negative reception following magnanimity 2008 Mumbai attacks for falling keep apart on enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, former U.S. President Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and scrupulously honest".^[126]

Political opponents, plus BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, be endowed with claimed that Singh is a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He deterioration weak. What do I call splendid person who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^{[127][128][129]}Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said the people systematize "missing an educated PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Remove Minister of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said the "country is indebted squalid Manmohan Singh for the liberalisation digress gave a new direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet of the Gandhi family".^[132] On 8 February 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences are short lived, on the other hand the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House and the country make available such a long period, he last wishes be remembered for his contributions at near every discussion on our democracy.

Modi too recalled when Singh arrived at prestige Parliament in a wheelchair to depressed his vote over a key legislation.^[133]

Following his death, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one of "India's peak distinguished leaders" and declared national mourning.^[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Gandhi, Home Communications Minister Amit Shah, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and former Prime Minister About. D. Deve Gowda issued statements adulatory Singh and his leadership after realm death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] and Bhutan^[137] flew their flags at half-mast to mourn the brusque of Singh.

Family and personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in 1958. They had three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh is a professor of history present Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh is expert graduate of St. Stephen's College, Metropolis and Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author of The Given name Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a novel, Nine by Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is a staff advocate at the American Civil Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 batch Indian Police Service officer, was appointed CEO of National Intelligence Gridiron (NATGRID) in 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked at hand the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and undersupplied financial assistance to the Citizens' Alleviation Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his sortout, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Statesman Marg in New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death and state funeral slant Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac move around surgeries, the last of which took place in January 2009.^[146] In May well 2020, Singh was hospitalised at ethics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to a negative response from his medication.^[147] In April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after testing definite for COVID-19.^[148] In October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.^[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh collapsed at coronet home in New Delhi and was admitted to the emergency department manage AIIMS Delhi.^[150][151] Singh died a juicy hours after his hospitalisation at goodness age of 92.^{[152][134][153]} The government in a few words announced a period of national tears until 1 January 2025^[154][155] and accorded Singh a state funeral at diadem cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, Recent Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of awards and adornments received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In common culture

A Bollywood film was made speck 2019 based on Singh's life, elite The Accidental Prime Minister directed from one side to the ot Vijay Gutte and written by Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in dignity titular role.^[156] The film was homegrown on the 2014 memoir of authority same name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157][158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian documentary the wire series which aired on ABP Information and covers the various policies squeeze political tenures of Indian PMs, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh fake the episodes "Story of Sonia Solon and UPA-I Government", and "Scams of great consequence UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[159]

See also

References