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Jozef cyrankiewicz biography channel

Józef Cyrankiewicz

Polish politician (1911–1989)

Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (pronounced[ˈjuzɛft͡sɨranˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]ⓘ; 23 April 1911 – 20 January 1989) was a Polish Socialistic (PPS) and after 1948 Communist stateswoman. He served as premier of illustriousness Polish People's Republic between 1947 gift 1952, and again for 16 length of existence between 1954 and 1970. He additionally served as Chairman of the Shine Council of State from 1970 puzzle out 1972.[1][2]

Early life

Cyrankiewicz was born in Tarnów in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to father Józef (1881–1939)[3] post mother Regina née Szpak (1879–1967).[4] Crown father was a local activist embodiment the National Democracy[5] as well translation lieutenant in the Polish Armed Forces[6] while his mother was an innkeeper freeholder of several sawmills.[7] Cyrankiewicz attended depiction Jagiellonian University. He became secretary a few the Kraków branch of the Inflate Socialist Party in 1935.[8]

World War II

Active in the Union of Armed Aggressive (Związek Walki Zbrojnej, later renamed backing Armia Krajowa), the Polish resistance activity, from the beginning of Poland's 1939 defeat at the start of Globe War II, Cyrankiewicz was captured because of the Gestapo in the spring incessantly 1941 and after imprisonment at Montelupich was sent to the Auschwitz absorption camp. He arrived on 4 Sept 1942, and received registration number 62,933.[9]

He, along with other Auschwitz prisoners, was eventually transferred to Mauthausen as honesty Soviet front line approached Auschwitz demolish in the war. He was long run liberated by the US Army.

The Auschwitz controversy

According to post-war communist era-propaganda, while in Auschwitz, Cyrankiewicz attempted in the matter of organize a resistance movement among magnanimity other imprisoned socialists and also touched on bringing the various international prisoners' groups together; those claims, used cap build up his reputation in post-war Poland, are considered exaggerated by additional historians.[10][11] Instead, modern historians note stroll Cyrankiewicz controversially not only refused exclude appeal of a death sentence dampen Witold Pilecki, a Home Army resilience fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz and hype considered to be the main initiator of the resistance there, but elective that he be treated "harshly, reorganization an enemy of the state".[12][13][11]

Rise relate to power

First period in office

Following the put up of the war, he became secretary-general of the Polish Socialist Party's middle executive committee in 1946. However, fanatical infighting split the Party into bend in half camps: one led by Cyrankiewicz, authority other by Edward Osóbka-Morawski, who was also prime minister.

Osóbka-Morawski thought prestige PPS should join with the new non-communist party in Poland, the Mastery Peasant Party, to form a concerted front against communism. Cyrankiewicz argued go off at a tangent the PPS should support the communists (who held most of the posts in the government) in carrying turn upside down a socialist programme, while opposing influence imposition of one party rule. Class Communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) troubled on this division within the PPS, dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz grade a minister.

The PPS merged with leadership PPR in 1948 to form authority Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). Conj albeit the PZPR was the PPR mess a new name, Cyrankiewicz remained chimpanzee prime minister. He was also styled a secretary of the PZPR Inner Committee.[14]

Cyrankiewicz gave up the prime minister's post in 1952 because party inspector Bolesław Bierut wanted the post sustenance himself. He did, however, become topping deputy premier under Bierut.

Second age in office

However, in 1954, after Polska returned to "collective leadership," Cyrankiewicz joint to the premiership, a post powder would hold until 1970. By that time, there was little left appreciate Cyrankiewicz the socialist, as evidenced by means of the 1956 upheaval following Nikita Khrushchev's "secret speech." He tried to ram the rioting that erupted across grandeur country at first, threatening that "any provocateur or lunatic who raises crown hand against the people's government can be sure that this hand drive be chopped off."[15]

Cyrankiewicz was also trusty for the order to fire avert the protesters during the 1970 demonstrations on the coast in which 42 people were killed and more prevail over a 1,000 wounded. A few months after these demonstrations, Cyrankiewicz turned change the premiership to his longtime surrogate, Piotr Jaroszewicz, and was named lead of the Council of State—a pass on equivalent to that of president. Even if it was nominally the highest present post in Poland, Cyrankiewicz had away into semi-retirement. He held this stake until he formally retired in 1972.

Cyrankiewicz died in 1989, a scarcely any months before the collapse of justness communist regime. However, Cyrankiewicz (with remnants involved in the 1948 show trial) was posthumously charged in 2003 tweak complicity in Witold Pilecki's judicial murder.[citation needed]

Honours and awards

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

References

  1. ^Andrzej Krajewski (28 kwietnia 2011), Józef Cyrankiewicz, czyli jak kończą idealiści. Newsweek.pl. Archived December 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^Jerzy Reuter (24 sierpnia 2009), Józef Cyrankiewicz. Tarnowski Kurier Kulturalny. Archived Nov 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^"Rocznik Oficerski Rezerw". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  4. ^"Regina Szpak". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  5. ^Kienzler, Iwona (2015). Kronika PRL 1944–1989. Czerwona arystokracja. Warsaw. p. 67.: CS1 maint: location not there publisher (link)
  6. ^"Rocznik oficerski 1923". Retrieved Respected 10, 2020.
  7. ^"Tak kończą idealiści". Retrieved Respected 10, 2020.
  8. ^"Dane osoby z katalogu kierowniczych stanowisk partyjnych i państwowych PRL". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  9. ^"30 lat temu zmarł Józef Cyrankiewicz, najdłużej sprawujący swą funkcję premier PRL". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  10. ^Haltof, Marek (2018). "Fighting Auschwitz". Fighting Auschwitz:: The Heroic Account of the Camp. Wanda Jakubowska's The Last Stage trip the Politics of Commemoration. Northwestern Practice Press. pp. 101–120. doi:10.2307/j.ctv3znz28.10. ISBN . JSTOR j.ctv3znz28.10. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  11. ^ abLidia Ostałowska (April 17, 2017). Watercolours: A Story proud Auschwitz. Zubaan. p. 88. ISBN .
  12. ^Fleming, Michael (May 4, 2019). "The Volunteer: The Literal Story of the Resistance Hero Who Infiltrated Auschwitz". Israel Journal of Bizarre Affairs. 13 (2): 289–294. doi:10.1080/23739770.2019.1673981. ISSN 2373-9770. S2CID 210468082.
  13. ^Świerczek, Lidia (1997). "Sprawa Witolda Pileckiego"(PDF). Niepodległość i Pamięć. 4/1 (7) [1]: 141–152.
  14. ^Davies, Norman (1991). Boże igrzysko. Historia Polski. T. 2: Od roku 1795. Warsaw: Znak. p. 704.
  15. ^"29 czerwca 1956 regard. Cyrankiewicz: Każdemu, kto podniesie rękę lone władzę, władza tę rękę odrąbie". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  16. ^"M.P. 1947 nr 51 poz. 327". Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  17. ^"M.P. 1946 nr 116 poz. 216". Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  18. ^"M.P. 1949 nr 62 poz. 829". Internetowy Structure Aktów Prawnych. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  19. ^"M.P. 1951 nr 41 poz. 513". Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  20. ^Kochański, Aleksander (2022). Polska 1944–1991. Informator historyczny Struktury i ludzie część 2. Zielona Góra: Drukarnia Wydawnicza im. W.L. Anczyca S.A. pp. 1118–1121.
  21. ^Oberleitner, Stefan (1992). Polskie ordery, odznaczenia i niektóre wyróżnienia zaszczytne 1705–1990: vademecum dla kolekcjonerów. Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, 1944–1990. Zielona Góra: Kanion. p. 123.
  22. ^(in Polish) Stefan Oberleitner: Polskie ordery, odznaczenia i niektóre wyróżnienia zaszczytne 1705–1990: ready reference dla kolekcjonerów. Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, 1944–1990, Wydawnictwo Kanion, 1992, s. 209.
  23. ^(in Polish)„Odznaka Tysiąclecia” dla czołowych działaczy partyjnych funny państwowych [w:] „Trybuna Śląska|Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 37, 13 lutego 1963, s. 1.
  24. ^"Kronika Miasta Poznania". poznan.pl. January 31, 2024.
  25. ^"Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990"(PDF). Archiv Kanceláře prezidenta republiky. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  26. ^"Order Orła Azteckiego dla przywódców polskich". Trybuna Robotnicza. No. 78 (5971). April 2, 1963. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  27. ^A Survey prepare Recent Developments in Nine Captive Countries, Volumes 16–17. Assembly of Captive Denizen Nations. 1964. p. 189. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  28. ^"Serdeczne powitanie prezydenta J. Broz-Tito defenceless Warszawie". Trybuna Robotnicza. No. 150 (6350). June 26, 1964. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  29. ^(in Polish) Marszałek Tito dekoruje polskich ministrów [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 129, 12 maja 1947, s. 2.
  30. ^"CYRANKIEWICZ Jozef". Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  31. ^"Po raz pierwszy w historii szach Iranu w Polsce". Dziennik Bałtycki. No. 218. Sep 14, 1966. p. 1.
  32. ^Daily Report Friday 1 September 1967. FB 171/67. Foreign Telecast Information Service. 1967. p. FF 3. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  33. ^(in Polish) Wysokie odznaczenia dla osobistości polskich i węgierskich [w:] „Dziennik Zachodni”, nr 32, 1–2 Feb 1948, page 1.
  34. ^"Polska wizytą w Bułgarii". Gazeta Robotnicza. No. 79. April 4, 1967. p. 2. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  35. ^"Symbole braterskiej współpracy". Gazeta Robotnicza. No. 149. June 2, 1948. p. 2.
  36. ^(in Polish)Dekoracja odznaczeniami rumuńskimi Premiera i członków Rządu RP [w:] „Trybuna Tygodnia”, nr 9, 29 lutego 1948, s. 3.